Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to the use of digital tools and systems to collect, process, store, and share information. It includes computers, mobile phones, the internet, software, and communication networks that connect people and organizations globally. ICT has become an essential part of modern life — influencing how we work, learn, communicate, and live.

The Role of ICT in Society

ICT plays a major role in almost every sector:

• Education: ICT enhances learning through e-learning platforms, digital classrooms, and online resources. Students can access global knowledge and collaborate beyond physical boundaries.

• Business: Companies use ICT to improve productivity, manage data, advertise products, and communicate efficiently with clients through emails, websites, and social media.

• Health: Hospitals use ICT for patient records, telemedicine, and medical research. Technology improves the accuracy and speed of healthcare delivery.

• Government: E-government systems use ICT to provide public services online, making them more transparent and accessible to citizens.

• Agriculture: Farmers access market information, weather updates, and modern farming techniques through ICT tools, increasing productivity.

Benefits of ICT

• Faster communication and access to information

• Increased efficiency in workplaces and organizations

• Opportunities for innovation and global connectivity

• Cost savings through automation and digital operations

• Enhanced education and lifelong learning

Challenges of ICT
Despite its advantages, ICT faces challenges such as:

• Cybersecurity threats and data privacy issues

• Digital divide — unequal access to technology between urban and rural areas

• Dependence on electricity and internet connectivity

• Misuse of information or online crimes